Winter is just around the corner, and so is the cold and flu season. Your family may already be sniffling or showing other signs of sickness. But are their aches and pains a common cold or a more serious case of influenza? It’s important to learn the difference and provide proper care to help them get back on their feet as soon as possible.
What is a cold?
People often say they have “the flu” when what they really have is a cold. However, the two are separate illnesses that often require different types of care.
A cold is a generally mild illness caused by one of at least 200 different viruses (this is what makes it so common). It usually lasts about one to five days, though some symptoms may linger for a few weeks. Though people with colds may feel tired or achy, most symptoms are above the neck. These may include:
- a sore or scratchy throat
- running nose
- sneezing
- mild fever
- mild headaches (often caused by congested sinuses)
- a cough (which could turn into one of those lingering symptoms mentioned earlier)
Most colds will run their course without needing medical treatment from a GP or specialist. Over the counter medicines may ease symptoms and help sufferers rest more comfortably. However, you may want to consult your doctor if you or someone you’re caring for develops complications, such as an ear or sinus infection, or is experiencing symptoms for longer than a week.
What is the flu?
Influenza, commonly referred to as “the flu,” is also caused by viruses. Though the flu is less common than colds, it can be much more severe.
Flu symptoms usually come on suddenly, and may last anywhere from seven to ten days. Similar to colds, some may linger for weeks after the illness is over. Signs of the flu may include:
- a high fever (usually around 38-40˚ Celsius)
- shivering
- muscle aches
- headaches (may be severe)
- extreme and debilitating tiredness
- a dry cough that may become moist
Treating the flu generally requires more care and caution than do colds. Flu sufferers should stay at home and away from other people until they are feeling well. Plenty of rest and fluids can help you avoid dehydration and speed recovery. A damp cloth placed on the forehead or washing the arms and body with a cool cloth may help reduce fever.
A bout of the flu might require a visit to the doctor or a chat with your local chemist. Antiviral medication may be beneficial within 48-hours of symptoms starting, and paracetamol could help reduce a high fever or ease aching muscles. Always speak with a medical professional before taking any medication, as they can offer advice on proper dosing and catch potential interactions with other medications you may be taking.
Flu sufferers and their carers should also be aware of possible complications that can occur. Bronchitis and pneumonia could follow a bout of the flu, particularly in higher risk groups such as those aged over 65, pregnant women, children and people with certain medical conditions. Again, speak with your doctor if you have any concerns about your own health or that of a family member.
Tips for avoiding illness
No one likes getting sick, whether it’s with a cold or the flu. Luckily, there are steps you and your family can take to help minimise your risk.
- Build a strong immune system – This is the body’s first line of defence against illness. Eating healthy foods, regular exercise, drinking plenty of water and avoiding cigarettes can help keep your immune system strong all year long.
- Get an annual flu vaccination – Flu shots are developed each year to match the strains people are likely to encounter that season. Even if you’re not part of an at-risk group, getting the vaccine could help limit the spread of these viruses and protect those who are unable to be vaccinated.
- Practice good hygiene – The viruses that cause colds and flus can survive for hours on some surfaces. Wash your hands regularly, particularly after using the toilet, before preparing food and after touching common areas (door handles, keyboards, or after riding public transport) to help lower the risk of spreading these germs.
- Be aware of other’s symptoms – You may not be able to completely avoid all sick people (particularly if they are family!), but staying well away from anyone with a cough or cold may help you stay healthy. Standing or sitting at least one metre from anyone showing symptoms, if possible, can be a good rule of thumb.
A healthier cold and flu season
Getting through autumn and winter illness-free can be tough. Whilst you and your family are likely to suffer some sniffles, or worse, you can at least be prepared. Knowing your colds from your flus could help everyone get back to their normal schedules a little faster.
Looking for more ways to keep everyone in the family healthy? Try these helpful exercise and nutrition tips!
Sources:
Health Navigator NZ, Cold or the flu, Influenza
NZ Herald, When is ‘the flu’ really a cold?
About Author: Momentum Life is a leading provider of Life insurance and Funeral insurance in New Zealand.
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